Amritpal Singh: Rumours swirl as search for controversial Sikh preacher continues

Rumours are circulating about the whereabouts of a controversial self-styled Indian preacher, more than 10 days after he went on the run.

A massive operation is underway to find Amritpal Singh, who is wanted in many cases including attempted murder.

Media reports claim Mr Singh was seen in at least four Indian cities, including the capital Delhi, since his escape from Punjab state on 18 March.

Nepal put him on a surveillance list this week on India's request.

On Tuesday night, Punjab police searched houses in a village in Hoshiarpur district, triggering media speculation that he may be in the state.

Earlier in the day, the state government had told the Punjab and Haryana high court that the police were "close to catching" Mr Singh.

The hunt for Mr Singh has dominated headlines in India over the past fortnight as police officers swarm state borders, comb the streets and scour surveillance footage in search of the man whose radical views had stoked fears of a renewed phase of violence in Punjab.

Mr Singh, who suddenly rose to national attention in February after his followers stormed a police station, says he supports Khalistan, or a separate Sikh homeland. His rapid rise had revived memories of the violent insurgency in Punjab in the 1980s in which thousands were killed.

Though he has reportedly been sighted on multiple occasions, Mr Singh has not been arrested so far.

The search, spanning four states and even a neighbouring country, has been full of twists and turns, including rumours of disguises and dramatic escapes.

Punjab police first tried to arrest Mr Singh on 17 March, weeks after he and hundreds of supporters descended on a police station, demanding the release of an arrested aide.

Though hundreds of police personnel were deployed, Mr Singh managed to escape in a high-speed car chase which was livestreamed by some of his supporters.

Police said Mr Singh had been travelling in a Mercedes SUV when the chase first began, but that he later shifted to a smaller car and finally to a bike. (Since then, senior police officials have said several times that Mr Singh is travelling around the country in disguise.)

Within hours of Mr Singh's escape, authorities blocked internet services in Punjab - where 27 million people live - restricted the movement of people, and arrested hundreds of Mr Singh's supporters.

The restrictions were eventually eased but the search operation has continued. BBC Punjabi spoke to several people who said that the heavy police presence in their towns and villages had impacted their mental health and livelihoods. The Twitter accounts of several journalists and activists have also been blocked in India.

On 21 March, Punjab police released CCTV footage that purportedly showed Mr Singh wearing a disguise while travelling on a motorcycle.

The same day, police also released seven photos of him in different outfits - including an AI-generated version, which shows him without his long beard - asking people to watch out for him.

On 24 March, several media reports said that Mr Singh was spotted in Delhi.

Delhi and Punjab police teams then launched a search operation in the capital and its borders and arrested more people, believed to be Mr Singh's supporters.

Punjab's Inspector General of Police Sukhchain Singh Gill told reporters that after escaping, Mr Singh had taken shelter at a woman's house in neighbouring Haryana state. Mr Singh had first tried to get a boat to cross a river into Haryana, but later had to walk the distance, the official said.

Mr Gill added that the woman - who was arrested on 26 March - revealed during interrogation that Mr Singh had been in touch with her for the last two-and-a-half years, and that his aide had stayed at her home in Kurukshetra district several times earlier.

The police also released surveillance footage believed to be of Mr Singh in Haryana. According to reports, the clip showed a man wearing a white shirt and dark blue jeans hiding his face with an umbrella as he tried to escape the woman's house.

Around the same time, reports said that Mr Singh may have fled to the northern state of Uttarakhand. However, the Punjab police did not officially confirm this.

On Monday, Nepal said it had put Mr Singh on a surveillance list after the Indian embassy alerted them that he may have entered the neighbouring country.

No one seems to know, but the police claim to have found several leads in the past 10 days and say they are following each of them.

In the meantime, local media has been highlighting surveillance footage from various cities which purportedly show Mr Singh.

This includes a clip that allegedly shows him fleeing in a make-shift cart along with a motorcycle, somewhere in Punjab; an unverified selfie of Mr Singh - holding a drink can - with an aide; and footage of him in Delhi wearing a mask - not all of these have been verified by police.

Some prominent Sikh leaders have also questioned why the police have been unable to arrest Mr Singh so far.

But for now, the search seems to have circled back to Punjab.

This week, the Indian Express newspaper quoted an unnamed investigating official from the state who said that after Mr Singh's escape, the operation has been like looking for "a needle in the haystack".

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