Mark Dickey: Rescuers rush to save US man trapped in Turkey cave

A massive rescue operation has been launched in Turkey after an American man became trapped in the country's third deepest cave complex.

About 150 workers have been working to recue Mark Dickey, 40, since he became trapped in the Morca Cave on Saturday.

He was co-leading a team to map a new passage in the cave when he began to suffer from gastrointestinal bleeding.

The Turkish Caving Federation said the operation was "complex" as he was stuck at a depth of 1,120m (3,675ft).

Six units of blood were delivered to Mr Dickey, and his condition had stabilised by Thursday lunchtime, the group, which is helping to co-ordinate the rescue, added.

His bleeding had stopped and he was able to walk unsupported, however he will still need a stretcher to be removed from the cave, the federation said in a statement.

"The operation is logistically and technically one of the largest cave rescues in the world," it said. "A long and challenging rescue operation is initiated to carry Mark out on a stretcher."

Mr Dickey's friend and fellow caving enthusiast, Carl Heitmeyer, told the BBC that the Turkish military had taken over the rescue operation on Thursday. They hoped to be able to get him out of the cave on Friday.

Mr Dickey's fiancée, Jessica Van Ord, was also part of the expedition. She had remained with him while he was unwell, but began climbing out of the cave when his condition improved and is expected to surface late on Thursday, Mr Heitmeyer said.

A number of rescue workers from several other countries, including Croatia and Hungary, have flown to Turkey to assist in the rescue.

But Mr Heitmeyer warned that any action to free Mr Dickey from the cave would be extremely difficult.

"This rescue will require many rigging teams, passage modification teams [to allow the stretcher to pass through] and also round-the-clock medical care," he said.

He told the BBC that the Turkish military had managed to establish a communications line with Mr Dickey, and a base camp had been established around 700m (2,296ft) from the cave entrance.

Mr Dickey had "stopped vomiting and for the first time in days has even ate a little," Mr Heitmeyer told the BBC.

Mark Dickey, who hails from New Jersey, is said to be a hardened caver with over 20 years experience.

He has been an instructor with the US National Cave Rescue Commission for 10 years, teaching a variety of cave rescue classes. He is also listed as the body's International Exchange Program Coordinator on its website.

He had been co-leading the expedition to the Morca Cave in a remote part of southern Turkey since the end of August, according to the Hungarian Cave Rescue Service, who have been assisting with the operation.

The cave is extremely deep and Mr Heitmeyer told the BBC that it can take "an experienced caver who knows the cave well" about eight hours to go from the entrance to the base camp that Mr Dickey is trapped at.

"It can take up to 15 hours to get there for someone not familiar with the cave," he added, noting that rescue teams will have to deal with wet conditions and temperatures as low as 4C-6C.

Cave rescues at depths of more than 1,000m are relatively uncommon.

In 2014 a man was evacuated from a depth of 1,148m (3,766 ft) at the Riesending cave in Bavaria, Germany. Some 728 people were involved in the operation, which took 11 days.