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The government has asked to use 400 police cells to relieve pressures on the prison service
The government has asked to temporarily use 400 police cells to hold inmates after an "acute and sudden increase" in the prison population.
The justice minister said there was a "highly unusual" surge of more than 800 prisoners in the last two months.
Speaking in the Commons, Damian Hinds said the overcrowding was partly due to a backlog of outstanding court cases.
Labour's Ellie Reeves blamed "shambolic" government for the prison service's problems.
Mr Hinds said the overcrowding issue was limited to male prisons and there was "ample" space in women's and youth prisons.
The justice minister said the protocol, known as Operation Safeguard and last used in 2008, was meant for times of "high demand".
He said: "It is the first time ever we have seen that sort of increase for two consecutive months."
Mr Hinds told MPs the overcrowding in jails was partly due to the impact of strike action by criminal barristers over the summer.
He said: "With court hearings resuming, we are seeing a surge in offenders coming through the criminal justice system, placing capacity pressure on adult male prisons in particular."
The government had written to the National Police Chiefs to request the temporary use of police cells, Mr Hinds said.
He added that Operation Safeguard was "not an unprecedented move" and would provide the immediate additional capacity to ensure the "smooth running" of the prison estate.
Responding in the Commons, Labour's Ms Reeves said problems in the prison service were a "failure on law and order" and "another crisis created by this shambolic Tory government".
Prisons are "failing in so many ways", the shadow justice minister said. She referenced Exeter Prison, which last week was found to have the worst rates of self-harm in England and Wales.
In February the government said 4,000 new prison places would be created as part of plans to increase capacity after it committed in 2021 to 20,000 by the middle of the decade.
In the Commons, Justice Committee Chairman Sir Bob Neil said prison numbers had "risen exponentially".
He also suggested there could be reason to reconsider whether it was "appropriate" to hold non-violent offenders in custody.
Mr Hinds said it was "very important" to look at options other than custodial sentences, but said part of the reason for the rise in numbers was "tougher sentences for the worst offences".
Plaid Cymru Westminster leader Liz Saville Roberts said using police cells to house prisoners showed an "utter failure" of policy.
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