Putin hails Crimea annexation and war with lessons on heroism

Eight years after Russian troops seized Ukraine's southern region of Crimea, the event is being celebrated with flag-waving crowds in Moscow's Luzhniki stadium and special lessons in schools.

President Vladimir Putin made a special appearance before the crowd.

State employees were reportedly forced to take part. In schools, teachers held lessons marking the "Crimean spring".

The Russian army has used its bases in Crimea to seize towns and cities on Ukraine's south coast.

Mr Putin has regularly used the anniversary to highlight love of the motherland.

Muscovites filled Russia's national stadium for a rally that featured singers such as Grigory Leps and Polina Gagarina as well as Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin. Officials said more than 200,000 people had gathered at the stadium, although the numbers could not be verified.

One student outside the stadium, asked why she had come said: "They packed us on to the bus and brought us." But only a few minutes after it started a stream of people was seen leaving.

Russia says its war in Ukraine is a "special operation" to protect Russian-speaking Ukrainians.

Lessons covering the war began in Russia at the start of March entitled "My country" for students in the final six years of school. Pupils were played a video of Mr Putin from 21 February, in which he detailed his vision of Ukraine's history, BBC Russian reports.

Photographs emerged earlier this week of children lining up to form the letter Z, a symbol painted on Russian military vehicles that have invaded Ukraine.

The education ministry then sent out lesson plans specifically geared to 18 March, the date that Russia annexed Crimea after an internationally discredited referendum.

According to a memo sent to schools by the education ministry, lessons for children in Years 6-8 (12-15 year-olds) should focus on "heroes of our time... to help form a stable and grounded understanding of the feeling of patriotism".

Pupils were to be asked to sit in a circle to hear an explanation of how ideas of "duty, dignity and patriotism are inextricably linked with the concepts of exploits and heroism". Teachers would then show a video to show that people with military roles were more likely to become heroes than anyone else.

A separate video was sent out to schools giving Russia's version of the events surrounding the annexation of Crimea.

In the video, two uniformed teenagers from are asked if they know what happened on 18 March 2014. One says that for him, as a resident of Sevastopol in Crimea, it was a day of celebration, when the "Crimean Spring" was accomplished.

Another teenager, Anna, is asked why the events are known as spring: "Spring is the start of new life. It is renewal, warmth, the sun. And of course, a cosy home."

One teacher in Moscow region spoke of taking the day off out of disgust.

"I don't like history being used for propaganda. I think this is dangerous, because there are a lot of children here who have relatives in Ukraine. This can provoke conflicts among children," said the teacher, who prefers to remain anonymous.

Most of her colleagues said they were in favour of the lessons. "Even those with relatives under the bombs approve. They say the Nazis should have been kicked out a long time ago," the teacher said, referring to Russia's false characterisation of Ukraine's leadership.

A number of teachers have complained about the "My country" lessons. One teacher from Volgograd called Svetlana told BBC Russian that for some of the children war was something of an adventure.

"I explained there's nothing good in war," she told BBC Russian.