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Conservative MP Sir Geoffrey Cox has said he did not break parliamentary rules by carrying out paid legal work in his House of Commons office.
The ex-attorney general, who has made almost £900,000 in the last year as a barrister, apparently took part in a virtual meeting there on 14 September.
MPs cannot use public resources, including parliamentary offices, for "personal or financial benefit".
Sir Geoffrey said it was up to voters to decide whether he remains an MP.
Parliament is in recess this week, meaning Boris Johnson will not be facing questions in Parliament at Prime Minister's Questions.
Last month, Conservative MP Owen Paterson was found to have broken rules by lobbying the government on behalf of companies who were paying him - and for using his Commons office for business meetings, which is prohibited.
His case has raised questions about the extra work some MPs do on top of their parliamentary jobs.
MPs are allowed to do extra jobs - for example, as doctors or lawyers, or writing books or giving speeches - but they must declare their additional income along with gifts and donations.
Sir Geoffrey, 61, the MP for Torridge and West Devon since 2005, has continued to practise as a barrister.
His work includes advising the British Virgin Islands government inquiry into alleged corruption.
Video footage from September is available online of Sir Geoffrey participating in a virtual hearing for the inquiry from what appears to be his Commons office.
At one point he gets up from his chair, returning to it around half an hour later. His absence occurred at about the same time as MPs, including Sir Geoffrey, were voting on the government's health and social care funding reforms.
At a later point, he excuses himself for the rest of the hearing, saying: "Would you forgive me for not being present this afternoon? I'm afraid I have compelling other commitments...
"Forgive my absence during some of the morning. I'm afraid the bell went off."
This appears to be a reference to the division bell, which rings when MPs are summoned to the Commons to vote.
A statement on behalf of Sir Geoffrey, posted on his website, says that his case has been referred to the independent Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, Kathryn Stone.
It says: "He does not believe that he breached the rules but will of course accept the judgement of the Parliamentary Commissioner or of the Committee [on Public Standards] on the matter."
"Sir Geoffrey regularly works 70-hour weeks and always ensures that his casework on behalf of his constituents is given primary importance and fully carried out," the statement also says.
And it says: "Sir Geoffrey's view is that it is up to the electors of Torridge and West Devon whether or not they vote for someone who is a senior and distinguished professional in his field and who still practises that profession.
"That has been the consistent view of the local Conservative Association and although at every election his political opponents have sought to make a prominent issue of his professional practice, it has so far been the consistent view of the voters of Torridge and West Devon. Sir Geoffrey is very content to abide by their decision."
Sir Geoffrey is also under fire for voting from the British Virgin Islands, while working there during the period when MPs were permitted to vote by proxy, or remotely.
In his statement, he says he consulted the Conservative chief whip "specifically on this issue and was advised that it was appropriate".
'Insult to taxpayers'
Labour has suggested that, in apparently using his Commons office for outside work, Sir Geoffrey breached the parliamentary code of conduct.
Deputy leader Angela Rayner said: "A Conservative MP using a taxpayer funded office in Parliament to work for a tax haven facing allegations of corruption is a slap in the face and an insult to British taxpayers.
"The prime minister needs to explain why he has an MP in his parliamentary party that treats Parliament like a co-working space allowing him to get on with all of his other jobs instead of representing his constituents."
Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer has earned more than £100,000 from legal work since he became an MP in 2015.
Asked on BBC Radio Leicester whether MPs should have a second job, and whether he had had one himself, Sir Keir said there were "different types of second jobs".
He added: "There's a million miles between what Owen Paterson was doing and Rosena Allin-Khan, one of our MPs in Tooting (south London).
"She is a qualified health professional. She's been working on the front line during Covid in A&E in her local hospital. So I think we need to have a clear distinction between those two types of cases."
The Liberal Democrats' chief whip Wendy Chamberlain urged Sir Geoffrey to "save everyone the time and trouble of an investigation" and "come clean now".
For the government, Health Secretary Sajid Javid told BBC Breakfast: "For any MP, if they do have external interests, they should of course be open and transparent about that. They should be following all the rules all the time, including no lobbying."
"If you have an external interest, I can't see why you would be using anything that is funded by the taxpayer... I think that would include your office space," he added.