Six things we learned from Elon Musk interview

Elon Musk has defended how he runs Twitter in a rare and wide-ranging interview with the BBC.

The world's second richest man was questioned for nearly an hour by the BBC's technology correspondent James Clayton at Twitter headquarters in San Francisco.

Here are six things we learned.

Mr Musk was asked about hate speech on Twitter, and he refused to accept there was more hateful content on the platform since he took over.

Speaking to the BBC earlier this year, some Twitter insiders have argued that the company is no longer able to protect users from trolling, state-coordinated disinformation and child sexual exploitation, following lay-offs and changes under owner Mr Musk.

In March, Twitter said it removed 400,000 accounts in one month alone to help "make Twitter safer".

In order to assess Mr Musk's claims fully you'd need two things which we don't have at present - access to Twitter's data before and after his takeover and, crucially, a clear understanding of how he defines misinformation and hate speech.

There is no blanket definition of hate speech under American law, which is generally much more permissive than other countries because of the first amendment to the US Constitution.

Close to half the country voted for Mr Trump in the last US election, Mr Musk said, but: "I wasn't one of them."

In another part of the interview, he defended ending a Twitter ban on Mr Trump who had been removed in 2021 when the platform accused him of inciting violence.

Mr Musk claimed his efforts to delete bots - automated accounts - had decreased misinformation on Twitter after his takeover.

"My experience is there is less misinformation rather than more," he told our reporter.

Some outside experts disagree. A study from Newsguard which tracks online misinformation - and there are quite a few other studies along the same lines - found that engagement with popular, misinformation-spreading accounts spiked after Mr Musk's takeover.

In the week following his acquisition of Twitter, the most popular, untrustworthy accounts enjoyed an almost 60% increase in engagement in the form of likes and retweets, according to the survey.

The BBC has also independently analysed more than 1,000 previously-banned accounts that had been let back on Twitter after Mr Musk's takeover, and found that since being reinstated, over a third of them had spread abuse or misinformation.

This included false anti-vax claims, misogyny and anti-LGBT rhetoric, and the denial of the 2020 US election result.

Musk says he doesn't use the most downloaded app in the US but he is against any moves to close it down.

The US is considering a ban due to security concerns over TikTok's Chinese ownership. Some other countries have banned it from the phones of government employees.

"I'm generally against banning things," said Mr Musk, although he says a ban would benefit Twitter because it may mean more people spending time on his platform.

Elon Musk claims that if someone offered to buy Twitter for what he paid for it, he'd refuse. But is that true? Remember, Musk desperately tried to back out of the deal.

Musk claims Twitter had just months left to live when he took over and was being run like a non-profit.

Twitter's costs were outstripping the amount of revenue it was generating. In its last full-year results published before Musk took over, total sales hit $5bn in 2021 but costs and expenses reached $5.5bn. In fact, it has only had two profitable years since 2012.

Musk reckons Twitter is now close to breaking even. No wonder - sacking 6,500 workers does tend to lighten one's costs.

But he has also been proactive in finding ways to boost sales through things such as changing Twitter users for "blue tick" verification.

So yes, Twitter might be nearing breaking even now because of drastic cost-cutting. But the question is whether it can sustain that path to profitability and make the company worth that $44bn price tag.

Musk confirmed he would change the BBC Twitter label from "government funded" to "publicly funded" after last week's row.

The BBC had objected to the original description, stressing the corporation's independence. It is mainly funded by the British public through a TV licence fee.

In Wednesday's interview, Musk said: "If we use the same words as the BBC uses to describe itself, that presumably would be OK."

The licence fee made up about 71% of the BBC's total income of £5.3bn in 2022 - with the rest coming from its commercial and other activities like grants, royalties and rental income.

The BBC also receives more than £90m per year from the government to support the BBC World Service, which predominantly serves non-UK audiences.

Reporting by Jake Horton of Reality Check and Dearbail Jordan, business reporter