TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew's Congress showdown: Five key moments

Bruising, damaging, relentless. TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew faced four-and-a-half hours of questioning at a US congressional hearing on Thursday.

As one congressman pointed out, some people run marathons quicker than that.

Mr Chew will certainly be feeling it, after a torrid time giving evidence. Many tech execs have stood before Congress, and they often don't get an easy ride.

But what was exceptional about this hearing was the stubborn, never-ending line of vicious questioning.

From both Democrats and Republicans, there was no let-up.

A spokesperson for TikTok said afterwards the politicians were "grandstanding". There is most certainly some truth to that.

But between the sometimes frustratingly verbose questioning, we did learn a thing or two.

At one point in the hearing, Mr Chew was asked by Representative Nanette Barragán, a Democrat, whether or not his own children used TikTok.

He said they didn't, because they live in Singapore. In that country the version of the app for children younger than 13 is not available.

Mr Chew did clarify that the children's version of the app is available in the US, and he would let his children use it if they were in America.

Mr Chew kept talking about a policy called "Project Texas", which will store all data in the US under the watch of American firm Oracle.

However, Project Texas is not fully operational. As of now, Mr Chew confirmed that ByteDance engineers in China do have access to data.

"We rely on global interoperability, Chinese engineers have access to data," he said.

It was an admission that politicians kept coming back to. Their point was that if data can be accessed by engineers in China, it's hard to see how the Chinese government couldn't also access it.

Perhaps Mr Chew's least successful defence was his attempt to distance TikTok from ByteDance.

By any definition the Chinese company owns TikTok. Mr Chew himself used to be its chief financial officer.

When initially asked, Mr Chew didn't want to say whether he owned shares in ByteDance.

When pushed, he eventually said he did, but tried to downplay the connection.

Mr Chew generally pulled his punches. He didn't often take the fight back to members of Congress. But there were rare moments where he did push back - and effectively.

When quizzed on TikTok's use of user data, he said: "With all due respect, American companies don't have a great track record with data … Just look at Facebook and Cambridge Analytica."

It was a barbed comment, but a reasonable point to make.

There was bipartisan criticism of TikTok to begin with, but the level of distrust and scepticism from all sides was stark.

"Welcome to the most bipartisan committee in Congress," said Republican Representative Buddy Carter.

"Thank you, Mr Chew, for bringing Republicans and Democrats together," Republican Representative Dan Crenshaw said.

It was really quite something to see so many politicians - who agree on practically nothing - agreeing wholeheartedly that TikTok was a security threat.

TikTok complained afterwards that not enough time had been spent focusing on the platform's measures to keep data safe.

"Also not mentioned today by members of the committee: the livelihoods of the five million businesses on TikTok or the [US Constitution] First Amendment implications of banning a platform loved by 150 million Americans," a TikTok spokesperson said.

TikTok has apparently been spending millions of dollars in an aggressive lobbying effort in Washington. If today is anything to go by, they are going to need to spend a lot more.